Resiliensi Pendidikan Islam Lokal di Masa Penjajahan Jepang: Studi Atas Pondok Pesantren Rasyidiyah Khalidiyah Amuntai

Abstract

Historically, Islamic boarding schools (Pondok Pesantren) are the oldest Islamic educational institutions in the archipelago, playing a vital role in the moral and spiritual development of society. One of the oldest Islamic boarding schools (Pondok Pesantren) in South Kalimantan is the Pondok Pesantren Rasyidiyah Khalidiyah (RAKHA) in Amuntai, founded in 1922 by KH. Abdurrasyid. During the Japanese occupation (1942–1945), this Pondok Pesantren faced political pressure and assimilative policies that forced it to change its name to Kai Kyo Gakko. This study aims to examine the resilience of RAKHA Amuntai in maintaining its existence as an Islamic educational institution amidst Japanese colonial intervention. The method used is a historical method with heuristic stages, source criticism, interpretation, and historiography, as well as a sociological-political approach to understand the social dynamics behind educational policies during the occupation. The research results show that RAKHA Amuntai successfully maintained its existence through adaptive strategies in three main areas: education, politics, and religion. In education, the Islamic boarding school (Pondok Pesantren) adapted its curriculum to the demands of the times without losing its Islamic identity. In politics, KH. Idham Chalid instilled nationalistic values through scouting activities and covert teachings about independence. Meanwhile, in the religious field, the Islamic boarding school expanded its da'wah and educational network by establishing the Ittihadul Ma'ahidil Islamiyah (IMI) organization, which brought together Islamic madrasas in South Kalimantan. These findings confirm that Islamic boarding school (Pondok Pesantren) resilience is not merely a physical ability to survive, but also a form of intellectual and spiritual resistance to colonialism, grounded in sincerity, social solidarity, and a commitment to Islamic values. Thus, the Pondok Pesantren RAKHA Amuntai serves as a concrete example of how local Islamic education played a crucial role in maintaining religious identity and shaping national consciousness during the Japanese occupation.